Anonymous External Attack V2
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Waku v2 discv5 uses a centralized commit protocol to ensure strong anonymity. However, the commit protocol is not a requirement for Waku v2 discv5 and can be disabled for increased safety.More specific, the commit protocol can be disabled in a very high risk scenario where the attacker nodes can learn the value of the consensus.
Waku v2 discv5 does not require the use of the Tor network. While Tor provides strong end-to-end anonymity, it also increases computational and bandwidth requirements. Besides, the Tor network is not suitable for short time scales. The combination of strong anonymity and low bandwidth are required to also cover IoT and low-power devices.
The Waku v2 discv5 protocol uses different commit techniques depending on the value that needs to be agreed upon. The protocol ensures that every node chooses the correct commit technique. The commit techniques in Waku v2 discv5 minimize the probability of Sybil attacks.
Waku v2 discv5 is based on the Paxos protocol. Paxos is a consensus protocol that allows nodes to agree on a single value, even in the presence of malicious majority.The consensus protocol is based on the use of distributed commit techniques. These techniques do not require the proposer to learn the value of the consensus, and thus do not require knowledge of the topology of the network. However, consensus protocols can be vulnerable to Sybil attacks.
The Waku v2 discv5 protocol uses both DHT -based discovery and static IP addresses for node registration. DHT-based discovery achieves rapid node discovery, but also a non-ideal degree of anonymity.DHT-based discovery is an effective solution for networks with many nodes that are trusted. In such networks, both the centralized commit protocol and DHT-based discovery provide similar anonymity. Static IP addresses provide a balance of the two.
Waku v2 discv5 is an Asynchronous Byzantine agreement protocol. ABA is a consensus protocol used for the agreement of values that are distributed over a network. The protocol is based on a binary tree of consensus messages.
Note that, unlike in gossipsub, it is not possible to filter messages based on their destination address.The attacker can thus simply send an arbitrary message for the topic they want to attack.
Comparing the message timestamps, then, is a good way to identify messages that should be blocked for the attacker.If the attacker sends a graft message for the common topic node or a root node, the messages will be received (and blocked) first by the victim node, then by any other nodes that relay the message.This prevents the possibility that the attacker mistakenly received a victim node message.
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